Week 11




What did you do in lab today?

In lab, we first looked at the law of superposition. I learned that this law says that rock layers closer to the surface are younger than rock layers at the bottom. This is the way geologists find the relative dates and ages of different rocks around the globe. We looked at several visuals that showed the law of superposition and determined the oldest to youngest order of the rocks. Through this, I learned that an intrusion or igneous dyke, which was showed in many of the visuals, has to be younger than all the things it's going through. This is because the rocks had to be there before the intrusion went through them. We also reviewed erosion and sand. We had the opportunity to view several different sands under a microscope and learned where each was form. 

What was the big question?

What is the Law of Superposition?

What did you learn in Thursday's discussion?

In lab, we examined water displacement/buoyancy. I learned that buoyancy is the ability for something to float and water displacement explains that when an object is placed in water, the amount it moves or pushes the water up is equal to the volume of the object. We placed several cans of pop in water to see if they would sink or float. Through this, we learned that anything that is more dense than water will sink and anything that is less dense than water will float. We also learned the equation for specific gravity with is W(air)/(W(air)-W(wanter)). Every material on Earth has its own specific gravity, this can be used to determine what an object is made out of. 

Textbook 

What did you learn?

I learned how geodes are produced in Iowa. This happens when cavities form in sedimentary rocks, such as limestone and sandstone. The theory is that after deposition there was a period of erosion and a more dense object carved out the cavity from the inside. Then, another deposition occured where mineral infused water penetrated the surface and began filing the geode with quartz. 

What was most helpful?

It was most helpful to review Archimedes' Principle which we went over in lecture. This principle says that the weight of a displaced liquid is equal to the weight of an object. We can use this principle to determine whether a geode is solid or hollow. 

What do you need more information on?

I will need more information on Archimedes' Principle and the specific gravity formula. I am interested to see how this will be used in lab next week where we will use the specific gravity formula of geodes to see if it is solid or hollow. I am wondering why a geode that has more crystals inside will be less dense. 

What questions, concerns, and/or comments do you have?

What are other theories of how geodes are produced in Iowa?

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